general with club

attentive general


civil official

meritorious official


Officials of the Spirit Road

Ming Tombs, Beijing

The animal statues along the spirit path are followed by statues of officials; each type is illustrated above. First comes a pair of generals (military officials), one on either side of the road, each holding a club; then a pair of higher-ranking generals, without club and wearing a different style of armor; then two pairs of civil officials, each holding a tally; and finally two pairs of Meritorious Officials, wearing different headgear than their lower-ranking counterparts. The "Frankenstein Bolts" in the civil officials' headgear presumably served to attach their hats.

Posing in front of the civil official on this page is our very civil tour leader, noted scholar Bob Thorp.